Description
The Mapleson D anesthesia breathing circuit is a semi-open circuit optimized for adult controlled ventilation (intermittent positive pressure ventilation, or IPPV).
Key Components
- Fresh Gas Flow (FGF) Inlet: Located right next to the patient connection end to deliver oxygen and anesthetic gases directly.
- Corrugated Tubing: Connects the patient end to the machine components, acting as an anatomical dead space reservoir.
- Reservoir Bag: Located at the machine end of the circuit, used for manual bagging and monitoring respiration.
- Adjustable Pressure Limiting (APL) Valve: Positioned far from the patient at the reservoir bag end to vent out waste and exhaled gases.
- Bain Modification: A coaxial version where the fresh gas feed tube runs inside the outer corrugated expiratory tube, warming the fresh gas and reducing bulk.
How It Works
- During Exhalation: Exhaled alveolar gas and fresh gas are pushed down the corrugated tube toward the reservoir bag by the incoming fresh gas flow.


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